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| Lewis's trilemma ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Lewis's trilemma
Lewis's trilemma is an apologetic argument traditionally used to argue for the divinity of Jesus by arguing that the only alternatives were that he was evil or deluded.〔Lewis, C.S., ''God in the Dock'' (Eerdmans, 2014), pages 100–101.〕 One version was popularised by University of Oxford historian and writer on religion C.S. Lewis in a BBC radio talk and in his writings. It is sometimes described as the "Lunatic, Liar, or Lord", or "Mad, Bad, or God" argument. It takes the form of a trilemma — a choice between three options, each of which is in some way difficult to accept.
This argument is very popular with Christian apologists, but largely ignored by theologians and biblical scholars who do not view Jesus as having claimed to be God. Some argue that he identified himself as a divine agent, with a unique relationship to Israel's God . Others see him as wanting to direct attention to the divine kingdom he proclaimed. The current opinion among biblical scholars is that the proclamation of the divinity of Jesus was a product of the Christian communities in the years after his death.〔
==History==
This argument was widely cited in various forms in the nineteenth century. It was used by the American preacher Mark Hopkins in his book ''Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity'' (1846), based on lectures delivered in 1844.〔Mark Hopkins, ''Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity'' (1846), Lecture VIII: "either ... those claims were well-founded, or of a hopeless insanity. ... No impostor of common sense could have had the folly to prefer such claims."〕 Another early use of this approach was by the Scots preacher "Rabbi" John Duncan (1796–1870), around 1859–60:〔William Knight, ''Colloquia Peripatetica'', 1870, page 109: Knight explains that the conversations quoted took place during the summers of 1859 and 1860.〕
Christ either deceived mankind by conscious fraud, or He was Himself deluded and self-deceived, or He was Divine. There is no getting out of this trilemma. It is inexorable.
Other preachers who used this approach included Reuben Archer Torrey (1856–1928)〔(Undated sermon by R. A. Torrey, Billy Graham archives ); see also (Deity of Jesus Christ, by R. A. Torrey, 1918 )〕 and W. E. Biederwolf (1867–1939).〔W. E. Biederwolf, "Yes, He Arose", in ''Great Preaching on the Resurrection: Seventeen Messages'', ed. Curtis Hutson, Sword of the Lord Publishers (1984), page 29.〕 The writer G.K. Chesterton used something similar to the Trilemma in his book, ''The Everlasting Man'' (1925), which Lewis cited in 1962 as the second book that most influenced him.
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